The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and compare socio demographic determinants of fertility in Republic of Srpska affecting the number of live births in Semberija. The paper focuses on employment and educational status, economic crisis and unemployment, mismatch between work and parenting, high preschools costs, and other relevant factors affecting the desired family size, through which fertility changes in Semberija occur. Therefore a need to investigate the possible causes that led to negative demographic trends appeared. Materials and methods: The collection of relevant data was obtained by applying a questionnaire on a verified sample of 1000 women in the fertile period, from 15-49 years of age. In order to assess the role of each research variable in the prediction of fertility intent, the arithmetic mean, percentage, was used, and to determine the significance of the difference between the mean values of Hi-square, t-test, ﾐｱﾐｸﾐｽﾐｰﾑ� ﾐｻﾐｾﾐｳﾐｸﾑ�ﾑひｸﾑ� ﾑ�ﾐｵﾐｳﾑ�ﾐｵﾑ�ﾑ�ﾐｸﾐｾﾐｽ and ANOVA. The statistical program IMB SPSS-19 was used for input and analysis of the obtained data. The research results have shown that socio economic determinants affect the desired family size and have proven to be essential components of future fertility capacity. In order to avoid further negative demographic trends, it is necessary to implement more productive socio-economic measures into the population policy system that will motivate women to give birth in their earlier age.