The main goal of the doctoral dissertation is to determine the impact of different levels of project management maturity on business excellence in the context of Industry 4.0. The research was made on a sample of 124 organizations, differing in industry and size, and recognized through the business excellence awards or recognitions given by European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM). Using the ProMMM model, a significant connection was found between project management maturity and business excellence which contributes to theory development in this field. In a practical manner, the findings can help organizations to define strategies for more effective implementation of project management approaches to achieve and/or maintain business excellence within the new industrial paradigm.