Родна равнопраност у туристичком сектору Србије
Тhe topic of the paper is a study of gender equality among employees in the tourism industry of Serbia. The paper is divided into six chapters: theoretical framework of research and description of the term of gender equality, research on legislation covering the field of gender equality in the European Union and the Republic of Serbia, analysis of official statistical data on the position of women in the labor market with reference to the tourism sector, quantitative indicators of gender equality researched through a questionnaire, qualitative indicators of gender equality researched using a semi-structured interview, and statistical processing and analysis of collected data and finally presentation of conclusions based on the obtained results. Numerous previous studies previous studies have found that there are gender inequalities in the labor market, including unequal treatment to which women are exposed during work, employment of women in lower positions; lower wages of women compared to men for work of similar or equal value, etc. Despite the fact that women represent the majority of the workforce in these industries, the research confirms the existence and continuation of gender inequality in the tourism and hospitality industries. By introducing legislative and institutional frameworks that regulate the field of gender equality, in the European Union, and the Republic of Serbia as a candidate for membership, the widespread practice of unequal position of women has been reduced. However, it has still not been completely eliminated. The aim of this research is to point out the existence of quantitative and qualitative indicators of gender inequality of employees in the tourism sector, for the purpose of the primary goal which includes raising public awareness of the need to achieve full gender equality, which further enables the realization of the entire potential of the individual and thus the development of the entire society. By researching official statistical sources, we obtained quantitative data through the Gender Equality Index in the countries of the European Union and the Republic of Serbia, then data on the basic indicators of the labor market in the Republic of Serbia, the ratio of the number of employees by level of education and gender, by sector and gender, then by type of work and sex, by the number of working hours and sex, and average salary and sex. Also, we found out data on the number of employees by gender, their structure by education, and average earnings by gender of employees in the tourism industry. During this part of the research, the literature of domestic and foreign authors in the field covered by this paper was reviewed. Тhe paper further collects official data from the European Institute for Gender Equality and the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, and analyzes it using comparative methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, critical method, deductive and inductive methods, and descriptive methods. The survey was conducted on a sample of 223 respondents employed in organizations of the tourism industry in the Republic of Serbia. The collected data were processed on the SPSS 23.0 program. Data processing includes descriptive methods, a correlation analysis method parametric techniques using the T-test and non-parametric techniques (Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test, as well as Man-Whitney U test) The research using a semi-structured interview, included 25 respondents (15 female and 10 male) employed in positions of operational, middle and senior management in tourism industry organizations. The research of data obtained through interviews is based on descriptive (not numerical) data, and the answers were sublimated and analyzed through several units: gender equality, representation of men and women in management positions, gender roles, pay gap, discrimination and mobbing at work, harmonization of private / family and professional life, career advancement, protection of maternity and parental leave, equal position of men and women. The outcome of the research indicates there is gender inequality among employees in Serbia’s tourism sector.
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