Beyond the Body: Yoga and Advaita in the Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti - PhDData

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Beyond the Body: Yoga and Advaita in the Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti

The thesis was published by Slatoff, Zoe, in October 2022, University of Lancaster.

Abstract:

The Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti incorporates dualistic Yoga practice and philosophy into non-dual VedÄnta. Yoga is presented as a purificatory practice, which helps to develop the discernment (viveka) required for the ultimate Advaitic realization of the equality of Ätman and brahman. Although attributed to Åšaá¹…karÄcÄrya, the Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti was more likely written between the late fifteenth and mid-sixteenth century, on the early side of the Advaitic response to the growing popularity of haá¹­hayoga. The Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti is one of the earliest texts to mention rÄjayoga, teaching a unique fifteen-part path, which includes a redefined version of Patañjali’s eight auxiliaries, leading to samÄdhi and ultimately to immediate awareness of the self, as its title suggests. Its main commentary—the DÄ«pikÄ—attributed to the fourteenth-century VidyÄraṇya, though probably written a few centuries later, suggests haá¹­hayoga as a last resort and unusually equates it with the yoga of Patañjali. This incorporation of Yoga into Advaita occurs in the Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti through the widening definitions of key Advaitic terms such as nididhyÄsana (contemplation) to include yogic practices. The reason given for this inclusivity is the need to address the prÄrabdha (ripe) karma of those who have not yet cognized brahman, though presumably with the greater intention of subverting the growing tradition of haá¹­hayoga into its domain. In this thesis I translate the entire DÄ«pikÄ and look at key verses in some of the other, more recent commentaries to understand how and why Yoga and Advaita have been integrated together over time. I contextualize this with respect to contemporaneous texts on haá¹­hayoga, as well as later syncretic texts such as the Yoga Upaniá¹£ads, which incorporate Advaita and the Aparoká¹£ÄnubhÅ«ti in their own way. I then briefly look at how this has manifested in modern yoga, where the teachings of Yoga, SÄṃkhya, and VedÄnta have become inextricably intertwined.



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