In critical patients, like out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, it is essential to provide resuscitation including airway management and ventilation. The combination of unclear events, unclear background of the patient, the complex prehospital setting and the enormous time pressure provide a great challenge for prehospital emergency care providers to perform these critical interventions. In addition, many of these interventions, like tracheal intubation and emergency front-of-neck airway (eFONA), are infrequently provided by ambulance crew because of limited exposure to these cases. Still, managing the airway and achieving oxygenation is of paramount importance, while on the other hand this should not interfere with other critical interventions like chest compressions. This PhD thesis aims to optimize prehospital advanced life support, by using innovative equipment, improving the design and use of devices and dispatching mobile medical teams with a specialized physician. A narrative review is provided with current in-depth insights in the subjects of this thesis. Two studies are included on airway management, showing benefit when using the GlidescopeĀ® videolaryngoscope compared to direct laryngoscopy when used by providers with limited experience, and the value of using simulation to study ā€œcannot intubate, cannot oxygenateā€ scenarios. One study is included on ventilation during advanced life support, showing that mechanical chest compression devices probably should increase compression pause duration to five seconds to allow providers to give two insufflations. Two studies are added on the added value of prehospital physicians.