The studies carried out within the scope of this dissertation investigated the functional role of different brain oscillations associated with human memory processing. Importantly, conceptual and technological approaches used in the thesis study enabled modulating neural oscillatory activity with measurable impact on both, neurophysiological assessments of neural oscillations as well as cognitive performances in various memory tasks. This has direct implications for developing therapeutic neuromodulation techniques capable of addressing cognitive deficits in patients in whom these cognitive deficits are linked to disease-specific altered brain oscillatory mechanisms as showcased here with the example of Parkinson’s Disease.