The goal of the research presented in this thesis is to develop new technologies for organs-on-chips to enable direct measurements of cell layer functions and to move towards high-throughput. In this introduction, a brief description is included of the tissues that were mimicked in the organs-on-chips described in this thesis. Next, conventional in vitro setups for mimicking these tissues are discussed as well as the advantages of organs-on-chips over these conventional in vitro models. Then, the most important tests of tissue function are described. Subsequently, the larger framework for the research described in this thesis is sketched and lastly an outline of the thesis is given.