This thesis is the critical edition, with Italian translation and commentary notes, of the alchemical work of a Byzantine author, known as the Christian Philosopher. In the introductory part, direct and indirect witnesses are examined, without neglecting the analysis of some historical problems concerning the name and dating of our author. The critical edition, with a translation into Italian, is the core of the thesis. This part is followed by a few chapters on the later variants and more extensive commentary notes on specific points of the work. This thesis concludes with appendices and tables on the ordering of the chapters of the Christian Philosopher and the position of his work within the Greek alchemical corpus, according to the main manuscripts.