The dissertation is strongly related to quantum theory of spin systems. Spintronics (or spin electronics) is a promising field that has a kind of multidisciplinary nature in solid state physics. The aim of the research in this rapidly developing field is the control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in various material samples. Spintronics concentrates on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin-polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a not conserved quantity in solids owing to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The topic of the current dissertation is electron transport in two-dimensional nanostructures
in the presence of Rashba-type spin-orbit field.