Pelvic organ prolapse is a common problem among women worldwide. As currently used surgical mesh implants are associated with certain complications, there is an ongoing search for new, more biocompatible, pelvic floor implants. In finding a new surgical treatment option, it is first essential to comprehend why adverse events occur with certain implants. Thereof, the thesis is divided in two parts. The aim of the first part is to get a better understanding of the host response to pelvic floor implants and the pathophysiology of mesh-related complications. The second part discusses in vitro and in vivo studies on a new generation of pelvic floor implants. In both parts, we specifically look at the role of bacterial mesh contamination and its influence on the host response and its role in the development of mesh complications. Proof of concept in preclinical studies is required before clinical studies on new implants can be designed. Accordingly, these steps are fundamental in finding a new surgical solution for women with POP.