The main question of the dissertation research was “how is the use of performance management determined by political attention, administrative culture and perception of the value provided by performance management in the institutions controlled by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania?” The performance management has been used in the public administration institutions in Anglo-American countries in various forms for some century already. Meanwhile, another culture of public administration of “Rechtsstaat” type exists in Lithuania, as well as in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It is completely opposite to the Anglo-American tradition. Thus the institutional context of specific – post-Soviet environment should be regarded as an important basis for expansion of performance management. Besides, performance management is not identified with the technocratic processes and actions, which are neutral with regard to the values. On the contrary, the politicians form the improvement agendas of public management and demand for the use of performance management. However the specific logic of political activity determines that the issues of performance management are not necessarily topical for politicians and/or that they are not necessarily competent to develop them, so it was meaningful to include the factor of political attention into the research field of performance management. As this instrument is usually used by civil servants, it is meaningful to research their perception of values and weaknesses of the use of performance management. The hypotheses that “the use of performance management is limited by legalistic administrative culture” and that “the political attention has influence on the use of performance management” were partly confirmed. Finally, although the perception of the value of performance management is linked with the accounting to the Office of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, but saving of public allocations is still the weak side of the use of performance management.